Protein synthesis is the process of transferring information from a gene to a protein. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is made up of four main parts of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine, and RNA (Ribonucleic acid) is made up of adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine. DNA is a double, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited Protein synthesis is one of the most fundamental biological processes. To start off, a protein is made in a ribosome. There are many cellular mechanisms involved with protein synthesis. Before the process of protein synthesis can be described, a person must know what proteins are made out of. There are four basic levels of protein organization Write an essay on protein structure and synthesis Protein synthesis is a cellular process leading to the production of proteins. This term is also synonymous to protein translation. It begins with a sequential process of transcription of DNA into mRNA, which is then used as input for translation after exon-intron splicing
Protein Synthesis Example | GraduateWay
This sample essay on Protein Synthesis Essay offers an extensive list of facts and arguments related to it. In order to understand 1 protein synthesis, or the production of proteins, it is important to understand RNA and how it is transcribed from DNA. And in order to understand 2 transcription, or the process by which genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA, it is important to understand both protein synthesis essay structure and replication of DNA, protein synthesis essay, which is the source of the genetic information that tells cells which proteins to make and when to make them. A DNA molecule is made up of two long chains of nucleotides, which are the basic structural units of nucleic acids.
One nucleotide consists of three parts: a sugar molecule, called 3 deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and a 4 nitrogen-containing base. The two nucleotides protein synthesis essay covalently bonded together between the deoxyribose and phosphate molecules. A key concept to also understand is that there are four kinds of nitrogen-containing bases. This is important because they bond with each other by means of hydrogen bonds in a way that forms the 5 double helix shape of DNA and the way they pair led to suggestions of how DNA copies itself. The four kinds of nitrogen-containing bases are 6 adenine, 7 guanine, 8 cytosine, and 9 thymine. These two pairs of bases are known as 11 complementary base pairs. Because protein synthesis requires RNA, and RNA comes from DNA, there must be enough DNA to produce RNA.
The process in which DNA is copied is called 12 replication. Replication occurs when the two nucleotide chains of DNA separate by unwinding, and each chain serves as a template for a new chain. Other enzymes, called 15 DNA polymerases, bind to the separated chains, protein synthesis essay, and one at a time construct a new complementary chain of nucleotides based on the sequence of the protein synthesis essay bases. When replication is completed, there are two new exact copies of the original DNA molecule, both of which consist of one new nucleotide chain and bonded to a nucleotide chain from the original DNA. On the off chance that there is a slight change in the nucleotide sequence, which is known as a 16 mutation, a cell may have serious effects.
The DNA may be damaged, and it would not produce the correct RNA, protein synthesis essay, which would then cause a production of incorrect proteins, or a deficiency of proteins that are needed. However, the number of errors and mutations in DNA replication is reduced proofreading and repairing by certain enzymes. In eukaryotes, the genes directing protein production are in the nucleus, but the building blocks for enzymes and amino acids are located in the cytosol. Ribonucleic acid, or RNA, is responsible for the movement of genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytosol where protein synthesis occurs.
RNA, like DNA, protein synthesis essay, is composed of repeating nucleotides. However, RNA is structurally different from DNA in a few ways. Instead of the sugar molecule a molecule being deoxyribose like it is in DNA, protein synthesis essay, the sugar molecule of RNA is just 17 ribose. Another difference between DNA and RNA is their nitrogen-containing bases, protein synthesis essay. DNA has thymine, but RNA has 18 uracil protein synthesis essay of thymine. A third difference between DNA and RNA is that some forms of RNA are made up of a single nucleotide chain, whereas every DNA molecule consists of two chains of nucleotides.
RNA exists in three types: 19 messenger RNA mRNAwhich carries genetic information from the DNA to the cytosol, 20 transfer RNA tRNAwhich binds to certain amino acids, and 21 ribosomal RNA rRNAwhich makes up the ribosomes where proteins are made. RNA must carry the genetic information from DNA to the cytosol through transcription. During transcription, protein synthesis essay enzyme called 22 RNA polymerase binds to the 23 promoter of a gene. The promoter marks the beginning of the DNA chain to be transcribed. Transcription continues as protein synthesis essay RNA polymerase continues adding complementary RNA nucleotides until it reaches the 24 termination signal, where the RNA polymerase releases both the DNA and the new RNA, protein synthesis essay.
The transcripts that are produced from transcription are the three types of RNA, all of which are involved in protein synthesis, protein synthesis essay. In protein synthesis, the nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule is ranslated into a sequence of amino acids using the 25 genetic code, which correlates between a nucleotide sequence and an amino acid sequence. The genetic information needed to make proteins is encoded in a series of three mRNA nucleotides; each of which is called a 26 codon that codes for a specific amino acid.
The 27 start codon and the 28 stop codons, however do not code for specific amino acids. The start codon, AUG, engages a ribosome to start translating an mRNA molecule, and the stop codons cause the ribosome to stop translating an mRNA. The tRNA molecule transports freely floating amino acids to the ribosomes and adds a specific amino acid to the polypeptide chain as each codon is sequentially paired with its 30 anticodon, a region of tRNA that consists of three bases protein synthesis essay to the codon of mRNA. The assembly of a polypeptide starts when a ribosome attaches to AUG, the start codon on an mRNA transcript.
The pairing of an anticodon with a codon causes the specified amino acid to attach to the previously translated amino acid, and therefore create a growing polypeptide chain. When the ribosome reaches a stop codon, translation is brought to an end and the mRNA is released from the ribosome and the polypeptide is complete. Protein Synthesis Essay. com, Dec 06, Accessed April 18, comDec Protein Synthesis Essay Topics: Biology Biotechnology Cell Biology Chemistry Dna Genetics Organic Compounds Protein. Synthesis, Pages 5 words. Get quality help now. Proficient in: Biology. Cite this page Protein Synthesis Essay.
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This sample essay on Protein Synthesis Essay offers an extensive list of facts and arguments related to it. The essay’s introduction, body paragraphs, and the conclusion are provided below. In order to understand 1) protein synthesis, or the production of proteins, it is important to understand RNA and how it is transcribed from blogger.comted Reading Time: 6 mins Protein Synthesis Essay Words | 3 Pages. Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis is the process whereby DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) codes for the production of essential proteins, such as enzymes and hormones. Proteins are long chains of molecules called amino acids Write an essay on protein structure and synthesis Protein synthesis is a cellular process leading to the production of proteins. This term is also synonymous to protein translation. It begins with a sequential process of transcription of DNA into mRNA, which is then used as input for translation after exon-intron splicing
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